Selenium is a popular open-source tool used to automate web browser testing. It is widely used in the software development industry because of its flexibility, ease of use, and compatibility with various programming languages. In this Selenium tutorial for beginners, we will cover the basics of Selenium, including its architecture, components, and how to use it to automate web browser testing.

Selenium Architecture

Selenium is a web-based automation testing tool that interacts with web browsers to automate testing. The Selenium architecture consists of three components:

Selenium WebDriver: It is the core of Selenium and allows users to interact with web browsers. The WebDriver API provides methods to locate web elements and perform actions on them.

Selenium Grid: It is used for distributed testing, allowing users to run tests on multiple machines simultaneously.

Selenium IDE: It is a record and playback tool used for creating test scripts quickly.

Selenium Components

Selenium has four components that are widely used for web automation testing:

Selenium WebDriver: It provides a programming interface for web automation testing. It can be used with various programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, and Ruby.

Selenium IDE: It is a browser extension used for record and playback testing. It is available as a Firefox and Chrome extension.

Selenium Grid: It is used to execute test scripts on different machines and web browsers in parallel. It helps save time and resources by running multiple tests simultaneously.

Selenium Remote Control (RC): It is an older version of Selenium and is no longer widely used.

How to Use Selenium WebDriver

To use Selenium WebDriver for web automation testing, you need to follow these basic steps:

Install the necessary software: You need to install Java, Eclipse, and the Selenium WebDriver.

Create a new project in Eclipse: Open Eclipse and create a new Java project.

Download the Selenium WebDriver JAR files: Download the Selenium WebDriver JAR files and add them to the project's build path.

Create a test script: Write a test script using Selenium WebDriver API.

Run the test script: Run the test script and see the results.

Sample Selenium Test Script

Here is a sample Selenium test script using Java and Selenium WebDriver API:

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class TestScript {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     // Set the system property for Chrome driver
     System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");

     // Create a new instance of ChromeDriver
     WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

     // Navigate to the web page
     driver.get("https://www.google.com");

     // Find the search box element
     WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

     // Enter the search query
     searchBox.sendKeys("Selenium Tutorial");

     // Submit the search query
     searchBox.submit();

     // Wait for the search results to load
     WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
     wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("Selenium Tutorial"));

     // Print the search results page title
     System.out.println(driver.getTitle());

     // Close the browser
     driver.quit();
  }
}

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Conclusion

Selenium is a powerful web-based automation testing tool used widely in the software development industry. In this Selenium tutorial for beginners, we covered the basics of Selenium, including its architecture, components, and how to use it to automate web browser testing. By following the steps and sample test script, you can start using Selenium for your web automation testing needs.